Proper utilization of calcium and phosphorus is affected not only by the amount of each mineral fed, but also by their ratio. Cattle also need correct amounts of calcium for the nervous and muscular systems to function properly. A phosphorus deficiency can delay puberty in heifers and can delay mature beef cows from returning to heat following parturition. A superior milking cow requires three times more calcium than a non-lactating cow. During lactation, low amounts of either will reduce milk production. A decrease in either or both can cause a decrease in weight gain and/or a decrease in efficiency of gain. Long-term deficiencies of either can cause bones to weaken and even break.Ĭalcium and phosphorus also play important roles in other bodily functions. The skeletal stores of calcium and phosphorus are used to meet short-term dietary inadequacies. Ninety-nine percent of total body calcium and 80 percent of total body phosphorus are stored in the bones. Calcium and PhosphorusĬalcium and phosphorus are the major mineral components of the skeleton. Macromineral requirements and maximum tolerable levels for beef cattle are shown in Table 1. The macrominerals beef cattle require include calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chlorine and sulfur. Minerals essential to cattle nutrition are classified as either macrominerals or microminerals, depending on whether they are found at levels greater than or less than 100 parts per million (ppm) in the animal’s body. This bulletin provides information on basic mineral nutrition for most forage and feeding programs in Georgia. A good mineral program for brood cows should cost about $10 to $20 per year. Minerals not provided by feed can be easily and inexpensively supplied with a simple mineral supplement. Since high-quality forages and/or grains can furnish a large portion of the required minerals, producers should select supplements that will meet animal requirements and avoid excesses that reduce profits and lead to unnecessary mineral excretion. Selecting the correct mineral supplement is important for maintaining healthy animals, and optimal growth and reproduction. Lawton Stewart, Extension Animal Scientist - Beef Cattleīeef cattle require a number of minerals for optimal growth and reproduction.
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