![]() ![]() This creates what war and peace researchers call a commitment problem. ![]() When opposing groups reach an agreement in other types of conflicts – such as an agreement to end a labor union strike, for instance – there is typically a government in place to help enforce its agreement.Įnforcing peace agreements between different countries is far more difficult because there is no global government to enforce them. It would also require Ukrainian people to make peace with an enemy whose wartime strategy has been to carry out the deliberate, targeted “ brutalization of the Ukrainian people.” 3. It is possible that that Russian President Vladimir Putin would lose power, and might even lose his life, if he is seen to be capitulating to Ukraine.įor Ukraine, peace might require relinquishment of part of its recognized, sovereign territory. However, the costs of peace are also still very high for both sides. These losses should help create incentives for Ukraine to go along with some kind of agreement to stop the fighting. Upwards of 100,000 Ukrainian and Russian soldiers have also died in the fighting war. Russian attacks in Ukraine killed at least 40,000 Ukrainian civilians in the first year of this conflict, and more than 13 million Ukrainians have had to flee their homes – about half have left the country altogether. The human and economic costs of this war are very high for both Russia and Ukraine, although they are clearly much higher for Ukraine. If the costs of war – including human lives, money or more intangible qualities, such as prestige – are low, one side might keep fighting for its goals. If war costs overtake costs of peaceīeliefs in the costs of war and the costs of peace also matter. So Ukraine is likely to believe that it can make more advances if it keeps on fighting.Ĭonversely, Russia successfully halted a wider collapse of its forces and appears to be in a stronger position militarily heading into the spring than it was in the fall of 2022. Ukrainian forces made progress in September 2022 when they retook two Ukrainian regions – Kharkiv and Kherson – that Russia had occupied. And because war is so costly, it is normally better to accept even part of an envisioned peace agreement than continue to fight.Īt the moment, Russian and Ukraine appear to have differing opinions about the war’s likely outcome. Once both sides have a clear sense of the fighting’s likely outcome, additional negotiations – or more fighting – become less important. Victories on the battlefield allow the winning aggressor to demand more, while defeats may mean those losing ground have to settle for less. The first question is whether opposing groups at war agree about what it will take for war to end – be it land, money or political control.įighting in a war is part of a wider bargaining process. Kay Nietfeld/picture alliance via Getty Images 1. To punish, to teach someone a lesson, to show someone what’s what.Ukrainian National Guard soldiers undergo combat training outside of Kyiv in February 2023. Did you see Peter today? Oh, here he comes! Speak of the devil.Ģ.Something that you say when someone you have been talking or thinking about suddenly appears. None of the idioms on this page are unusual or old-fashioned, so you can be confident using any of them with native Ukrainian speakers. That may seem like a lot of work, but learning idioms is fun. Learning to use common idioms and expressions will make your Ukrainian sound more natural, so it’s a good idea to master some of these expressions.īecause idioms don’t always make sense literally, you’ll need to familiarize yourself with the meaning and usage of each idiom. Ukrainian idioms, proverbs, and expressions are an important part of everyday Ukrainian.
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